Microsoft Excel Research Articles

Cost-effective analysis of enalapril, amlodipine, and enalapril plus amlodipine combination in newly diagnosed patients of hypertension: A pharmacoeconomic comparison of the antihypertensive efficacy of drugs

Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic condition with severe complications, so early detection and effective management are essential to prevent cardiovascular events and reduce the associated economic burden. This study aims to compare the cost-effectiveness of enalapril, amlodipine, and their combination in terms of blood pressure reduction, considering overall efficacy and economic implications. A prospective, observational cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted in 150 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients who were prescribed either enalapril (5 mg), amlodipine (5 mg), or enalapril plus amlodipine (2.5 mg each). The primary outcome was the difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between baseline and follow-up, as well as the evaluation of overall efficacy and cost. Based on the data, statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests for drug efficacy, and cost-effectiveness was compared using MS Excel. After 30 days, all treatments significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.0001). The combination therapy with a lower dose showed superior efficacy in blood pressure reduction and was most cost-effective, requiring less expense for a 1 mmHg reduction in blood pressure compared to individual drugs with a higher dose. Quality of life assessment favored low-dose combination therapy, with fewer reported adverse effects. The combinationof amlodipine and enalapril at a lower dose demonstrated superior cost-effectiveness, efficacy in blood pressure reduction, and a favorable impact on patients' quality of life compared to individual drugs at a higher dose. This suggests that combination therapy may be a preferred option in the management of hypertension, emphasizing the importance of considering both clinical and economic factors in treatment decisions.

Hotspots and trends of risk factors in gastric cancer: A visualization and bibliometric analysis

BACKGROUND The lack of specific symptoms of gastric cancer (GC) causes great challenges in its early diagnosis. Thus it is essential to identify the risk factors for early diagnosis and treatment of GC and to improve the survival rates. AIM To assist physicians in identifying changes in the output of publications and research hotspots related to risk factors for GC, constructing a list of key risk factors, and providing a reference for early identification of patients at high risk for GC. METHODS Research articles on risk factors for GC were searched in the Web of Science core collection, and relevant information was extracted after screening. The literature was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019, CiteSpace V, and VOSviewer 1.6.18. RESULTS A total of 2514 papers from 72 countries and 2507 research institutions were retrieved. China (n = 1061), National Cancer Center (n = 138), and Shoichiro Tsugane (n = 36) were the most productive country, institution, or author, respectively. The research hotspots in the study of risk factors for GC are summarized in four areas, namely: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) infection, single nucleotide polymorphism, bio-diagnostic markers, and GC risk prediction models. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that H. pylori infection is the most significant risk factor for GC; single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is the most dominant genetic factor for GC; bio-diagnostic markers are the most promising diagnostic modality for GC. GC risk prediction models are the latest current research hotspot. We conclude that the most important risk factors for the development of GC are H. pylori infection, SNP, smoking, diet, and alcohol.

To study the socio-demographic profile and clinical profile of abnormal uterine bleeding cases attending new civil hospital, Surat, Western India

There are so many concerns and worries about menstruation. With the use of advance method of contraception, women are experiencing more menstrual related problems. Now a days, menstrual related complaints are more common in gynaec clinic. So, we had conducted this study to document the sociodemographic and clinical profile among the attendees of gynaec clinic with menstrual related problem. Observational cross-sectional study carried out in western part of India with 100 patients after their written informed consent. Data were collected on pre-designed semi structured questionnaire which consist of sociodemographic and clinical questions. All data were entered in MS excel spreadsheet and analyzed with the help of SPSS V.20. Current study reported 8% of new Gynaec attendees had problem of abnormal uterine bleeding. Majority of patients were belonging to age group 21 years to 40 years (83%) and most of the patients were multipara (75%). Commonest complains among patients were menorrhagia (80%). Most of the patients were reported haemoglobin of less than 12 mg/dl.: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a distressing problem for women in their reproductive age groups especially in 21 years to 40 years.

Prevalence and trends in physical therapy interventions for erectile dysfunction: A Scopus-based bibliometric analysis (1989-2022).

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition that affects many males. Physical therapy (PT) is the one potential treatment for ED that may improve blood flow, muscle strength, and other factors that may contribute to the issue. Data on the prevalence and trends of research on PT for ED are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the literature trends in PT for ED via bibliometric and visualized analysis. Data on publications were collected from Scopus covering the period between 1989 and 2022. To refine the data, bibliometric analyses were conducted using Microsoft Access, Microsoft Excel, an online visualization platform, and BiblioAnalytics. Power BI and Bibliomaster were used to generate figures and tables, while Biblioshiny and VOSviewer were used for visualization. A total of 494 documents were identified. The year 2019 generated the largest number of publications, with a total of 54. These studies have received 12,917 citations related to PT for ED. The most common document type was the original article with 283 publications. The University of California, USA, was the most productive institution on this topic, with 21 publications and 2,035 citations. The USA led all countries with 114 publications on the topic. The Journal of Sexual Medicine secured the top ranking with an h-index of 18. The main topics studied were erectile dysfunction, shockwave therapy, and physiotherapy. The number of publications on PT for ED has demonstrated an upward trend over the last three decades.

EXPLORING CYTOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOCKET HEALING OPTIMIZATION AFTER ATYPICALREMOVAL OF THE THIRD LOWER MOLAR

This study aims to investigate the cytological characteristics of socket healing after atypical removal of the lower third molar, utilizing osteoplastic synthetic material in conjunction with platelet-rich gel and plasma enriched with thrombocyte factors, to enhance local osteogenesis. Materials and Methods For this comparative clinical study, smears of alveolar content were collected following atypical extraction of the lower third molar. Cell elements were quantified for cytological analysis. Data collection utilized a template developed in Microsoft Excel version 16.34. Statistical processing was performed using RStudio 2023.03.1 Build 446 (Posit Software, PBC). Smears were air-dried, fixed in a 1:1 mixture of alcohol and acetone for 5 minutes, stained first with May-Grünwald’s methylene blue (15 minutes), followed by Romanowsky-Giemsa’s azure-eosin stain (30 minutes). Smear images were captured with the Leica morpho densitometric complex: DM 1000 microscope, DFC-320 camera, images were obtained in jpg format at 400x magnification. Results The study encompassed 30 patients divided into control and experimental groups. Cytological analysis was conducted on the 2nd, 5th, and 10th days of post- operation. In both groups, on the 2nd day, alveolar smears showed the presence of erythrocytes (n = 6) and neutrophils (n = 2). On the 5th day, the experimental group exhibited neutrophils (n = 3) and abundant cocci microflora (n = 6). On the 10th day, epitheliocytes (n = 8) primarily indicated proliferation. Conclusions The obtained results underscore the effectiveness of employing osteoplastic synthetic material in combination with plateletrich gel and plasma enriched with thrombocyte factors for enhancing local osteogenesis following atypical removal of the third molar. This approach demonstrates significant elevation in epithelialization activity, fibroblastic activity, and other markers of the reparative process in comparison to the control group.

The Level of Importance of the Four P’s by the Customers of Shell, Petron, and Chevron Stations in General Santos City

Consumer-centric companies focus their resources on developing products and establishing strategies that satisfy customers’ needs and wants. The efforts involved in determining customers’ desires require rigorous analysis because of customers’ heterogeneity. Cost leadership, one of the three generic competitive strategies, aims to increase profit by reducing the cost of production and offering a competitively priced product. This strategy is effective in maximizing the limited resources of the company. In relation to the three generic competitive strategies, there are factors that affect customers’ decisions. The factors that affect customers’ preferences are location, brand, behavior, values, product attributes, quality, price, promotion, and perception. This study focused on the four significant factors, which are the Four Ps: product, price, place, and promotion. Respondents, who are customers of Shell, Petron, and Chevron fuel stations in General Santos City, evaluated the level of importance of the Four Ps. A sample size of 120 respondents was chosen to answer the validated questionnaires. A descriptive-quantitative research design and stratified sampling methods were applied in the study. Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS were the software used to analyze and interpret the data. The findings indicate that the place factor and the promotion factor, among the four factors, have the highest and lowest means, respectively. According to the respondents, price information and brand are very important, since they have the highest mean in price and product factors. The analysis of the Kruskal-Wallis H Test indicates that there are no significant differences in the level of importance of the four Ps among Shell, Petron, and Chevron stations in General Santos City as evaluated by the respondents.

An Analysis of Global Surgery Opportunities in American Otolaryngology Residency Programs.

To depict the current state of global surgery opportunities in United States ACGME-approved Otolaryngology residency programs and compare the characteristics of programs with and without these opportunities. In this cross-sectional analysis, websites of ACGME-accredited Otolaryngology residency programs were analyzed for information on program size, rank, age, and geographic region as obtained through the Doximity platform in 2023. Additional parameters were obtained for programs listing global surgery opportunities such as funding, faculty oversight, location/region, focus, and relationship to the community served. Data were tabulated and analyzed in Microsoft Excel and Stata. Of the 131 ACGME-accredited Otolaryngology residency programs, 26 (20%) of programs advertised a global surgery opportunity. Nine (35%) of these promoted funding, 15 (58%) offered a clinical focus, one (4%) offered a research focus, and 10 (38%) offered a combined approach. The Midwest region had the most programs with global surgery opportunities (n = 8, 31%). Less than half (42%) of programs had an established partnership with local partners within low and middle-income countries (LMICs). When comparing programs, the average Doximity rank, average program age, and average program size of programs that offered global surgery opportunities was significantly higher than those that did not (37.2 vs. 71.5, 54 vs. 41, 19.5 vs. 13.7; all p < 0.05). Approximately one-fifth of Otolaryngology training programs have a global surgery opportunity. Programs that offer these opportunities had a higher Doximity ranking, older program age, and a larger trainee cohort. These results highlight potential areas for expanding global surgery opportunities in academic institutions. N/A Laryngoscope, 2024.

Common syntactic errors in the writing skills of the 3rd year students at Van Lang University

This study aimed to analyze common syntactic errors found in the argumentative essays of third-year English major students at the Faculty of Foreign Languages, Van Lang University, Vietnam. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to obtain data in this study. The quantitative approach involved counting and calculating the frequency, percentage, and ranking of syntactic errors, while the qualitative method was adopted to explain these errors. The instrument for collecting data was argumentative essays written by 37 third-year English majors enrolling in Writing-5 at Van Lang University. Microsoft Word was used to collect and analyze syntactic errors and sentence structures, while Microsoft Excel was employed to calculate the frequency and rank of these errors and structures. The results found that the five most frequent errors in their essays were at the noun phrase and sentence levels. These errors included run-on sentences, preposition errors, article errors, sentence fragments, and pronoun errors. Through error analysis, it was indicated that the majority of errors made by students were due to the negative transfer from their first language and the literal translation. Based on the findings, language teachers and syllabus designers could use these results as guidance to design appropriate teaching methods and materials.

Penerapan Data Mining untuk Menentukan Produk Terlaris pada PT Joynare Mitra Teknologi menggunakan Metode Naive Bayes

The research applies the Naive Bayes method to determine the best-selling products at PT Joynare Mitra Teknologi. The contribution of this research is to provide a reference for other companies interested in using similar techniques to analyze their product data. Testing was carried out by processing data using Microsoft Excel and RapidMiner, with training and testing data. The test results show that the Naive Bayes method can classify best-selling products with a high level of accuracy, reaching 87.00%. Apart from that, the resulting precision reached 72.41%, and recall was 80.77%. The best-selling products in hardware sales such as motherboards, CPUs, RAM, hard disks, SSD, and printers can be identified through data analysis. The conclusion from the research is that the Naive Bayes method is very appropriate to use to optimize sales strategies for hardware products based on customer preferences.

Global research trends in nursing leadership from 1985 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis.

Developing nursing leadership has become a key policy priority to achieve universal health coverage. This study aims to explore the current status, developing trends and research frontiers in the field of nursing leadership. In total, 1,137 articles and reviews on nursing leadership from 1985 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Trends of publications, journals, countries/regions, institutions, documents and keywords were visualized and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and CiteSpace software. Nursing leadership research showed an overall increase in number despite slight fluctuations in annual publications. The USA was the leading country in nursing leadership research, and the University of Alberta was the most productive institution. The Journal of Nursing Management was the most widely published journal that focused on nursing leadership, followed by the Journal of Nursing Administration. Keyword analysis showed that the main research hotspots of nursing leadership are improvement, practice and impact of nursing leadership. This article summarizes the current state and frontiers of nursing leadership for researchers, managers and policy makers, as well as follow-up, development and implementation of nursing leadership. More research is needed that focuses on the improvement, practice and impact of nursing leadership, which are cyclical, complementary and mutually reinforcing. Longitudinal and intervention studies of nursing leadership, especially on patient prognosis, are also particularly needed.

A real-world disproportionality analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system events for ibuprofen

ABSTRACT Introduction Ibuprofen is commonly used as an over-the-counter (OTC) antipyretic and analgesic. As the frequency of its use has increased, there has been a corresponding increase in reports of associated adverse events (AEs). However, these events have not been systematically reported in the literature. Meanwhile, the importance of effective pharmacovigilance in evaluating the benefits and risks of drugs is being recognized. Methods The data was obtained indirectly from FAERS using the OpenVigil 2 database, lexically mapped using software such as MySQL, Microsoft Excel, and the R language, and then subjected to four more rigorous algorithms to detect risk signals associated with ibuprofen AEs. Results By analyzing data from the past 18 years, 878 ibuprofen-related AEs were identified as primary AEs. Notably, unexpected reproductive system and breast diseases, etc., which were unexpected, were observed as important system organ classes (SOCs) associated with ibuprofen. Among the 651 preferred terms (PTs) that simultaneously satisfy the four arithmetic methods, renal tubular acidosis and lip oedema are proposed as new signals for ibuprofen AEs. Conclusion This study explores the important and valuable potential AEs and ADRs of ibuprofen at the SOC and PT levels, respectively. To provide a reference on decision-making for ibuprofen to promote rational clinical dosing.

Research on internet of things (IoT) indexed in Web of Science from 2011–2022

Academic publications have increased geometrically in the rapidly developing field of Internet of Things (IoT). Using the keywords “Internet of Things” in titles and abstracts, a large collection of scientific publications from 2011 to 2022 that were indexed in the Web of Science were examined in this study. Several software tools, including VOSviewer, ScientoPy, Biblioshiny and MS Excel, were used to analyze the data. According to the study's findings, the majority of publications in the field of IoT are written in English, and publications in this area are steadily rising. Rodrigues, Joel J. P. C. is the most prolific author. The most productive nation was found to be China, the Beijing University Posts &amp; Telecommunication, a thriving institution. After the US and India, China has produced the greatest number of articles and received the greatest number of citations. The IEEE was found to be the most prolific publishing source, and the IEEE Internet of Things Journal was the most productive journal.

Post-traumatic stress disorder in the Ethiopian population dwelling in war-affected communities: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant mental health concern globally, particularly prevalent in populations exposed to war and conflict. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to examine the prevalence and factors associated with PTSD among the Ethiopian population residing in war-affected communities.MethodsThe review was reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. Related eligible published articles were searched in electronic online databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Google, which reported the prevalence and risk factors of PTSD among people dwelling in the war-affected area until January 2024. The relevant data was extracted using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA version 11. The estimated pooled prevalence and risk factors were estimated using a random effect model. The potential risk of publication bias was checked using a funnel plot and Egger’s statistical test.ResultsA total of nine published studies with 6107 participants were analyzed in this meta-analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of PTSD among people living in war-affected areas was 48.4%, with a 95% CI (37.1, 59.8). This study found a higher prevalence of PTSD among women than men. Being female (OR= 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.3), witnessing a murder of a loved one (OR= 3.0, 95% CI: 1.2, 7.5), depression symptoms (OR= 2.8, 95% CI: 1.4, 5.6), and anxiety symptoms (OR= 3.4, 95% CI: 1.4, 8.0), a close family member killed or seriously injured (OR= 3.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 7.7), a moderate and high perceived threat to life (OR= 3.4, 95% CI: 1.3, 9.1), and poor social support (OR= 4.4, 95% CI: 1.1, 18.7) were associated with post-traumatic stress disorder.ConclusionThe result of this study shows the high prevalence rate of PTSD in people living in war-affected areas. disparities in PTSD prevalence, with women being at higher risk, and identified risk factors were witnessing the murder of a loved one, experiencing depression and anxiety, and perceived threat to life. Addressing PTSD in war-affected communities requires comprehensive interventions that consider both individual and contextual factors.Systematic review registrationwww.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024501384.

Socio-Demographic and Clinical Profile of Patients Attending Geriatric Clinic Over Five Years: A Retrospective, Hospital Based Study

Background: Population ageing is an inescapable and irreversible phenomenon, increasing the burden on the health care system. Mental illnesses in the geriatric population are unique and identification of the same amidst the co-morbidities is a challenging task. Objectives: To assess the difference in the clinical and sociodemographic profile of patients attending Geriatric Clinic in a tertiary care centre over five years. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients, who attended the Geriatric Clinic of a tertiary care centre in 2012 and 2016 was conducted. The psychiatric diagnoses were made according to the ICD-10 diagnostic guidelines. Sociodemographic variables and clinical variables including social support were assessed. Data were analysed by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 16 version and Microsoft Excel Version 2007. Results: The total number of patients attending Geriatric clinics were 31 and 147 in 2012 and 2016 respectively. The mean age of patients attending the geriatric clinic was 74.32±7.89 in 2012 and 71.88±6.76 in 2012. The difference between the study group was statistically significant with regard to religion, marital status, socio-economic status and location of residence.64.52% of the study population had average social support in 2012 and a statistically significant decline was noticed in 2016.The most common psychiatric diagnoses were organic mental disorders (93.55%) in 2012 and mood disorders (40.82%) in 2016. Cardiovascular diseases were most common medical co-morbidity seen among the geriatric patients in both the years. Conclusions: Psychiatric illness in geriatric population is often associated with medical co-morbidities. With the increase in longevity, awareness and identification of symptoms can decrease significant morbidity and improve the quality of life. Keywords: Ageing, psychiatric disorders, medical comorbidity

Factors associated with mosquito control among construction workers: A systematic review.

Workers in the construction industry frequently work in construction sites with numerous areas that can potentially accumulate water, such as tanks, wet cement surfaces, or water puddles. These water collection sites become ideal breeding grounds for mosquito infestation, which leads to a higher prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases, especially malaria and dengue among construction workers. Despite that numerous factors have been identified in controlling vector-borne diseases, the specific factors that influence mosquito control at construction sites have yet to be explored. This systematic review aims to determine the factors associated with mosquito control among construction workers. Primarily, articles related to factors associated with mosquito control among construction workers were collected from two different online databases (ScienceDirect and EBSCOhost). Two independent reviewers were assigned to screen the titles and abstracts of the collected data, stored in Microsoft Excel, against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Afterwards, the quality of the included articles was critically assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Of the 171 articles identified, 4 were included in the final review. Based on the thorough evaluation, mosquito-related knowledge, practical mosquito prevention measures, and Larval Source Management (LSM) were identified as vital factors associated with mosquito control among construction workers. The significant association between mosquito-related knowledge and control practices indicates higher knowledge linked to effective practices, particularly among female workers and those who were recently infected with malaria. Concurrently, there were notable challenges regarding sustainable preventive measures and larval control methods in construction settings. Implementing effective mosquito control, including knowledge and practice on mosquito control together with vector control, is highly required to suppress the expanding mosquito population. It is recommended that employers provide continuous mosquito control education and training to their employees and reward them with incentives, while employees should comply with the guidelines set by their employers to ensure successful mosquito control and reduce the spread of mosquito-borne diseases in the construction industry.

Evaluation of the immune system status and hematological dyscrasias, among amphetamine and cannabis abusers at Eradah Hospital in Qassim, Saudi Arabia

This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the immune system status and hematological disturbances among individuals who abuse amphetamines and cannabis. Substance abuse, particularly of amphetamines and cannabis, has been associated with various adverse effects on the body, including potential impacts on the immune system and hematological parameters. However, limited research has been conducted to comprehensively assess these effects in a cross-sectional design. Additionally, fungal infections are on the rise internationally, and immune-compromised people are particularly susceptible. The study will recruit a sample of amphetamine and cannabis abusers (n = 50) at the Eradah Hospital in the Qassim Region of Buraydah and assess their sociodemographic and biochemical variables, including blood indices and differential WBC indices, liver, and kidney profiles. Additionally, 50 sputum samples in total were cultured for testing for fungus infections. To obtain the descriptive statistics, the data was imported into Microsoft Excel and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 22.0. Amphetamine and cannabis abuser's sociodemographic variables analysis observed that the majority (52%) were aged 18–30, with 56% in secondary school. Unemployment was a significant issue, and most had no other health issues. The majority (50%) had 5–10 years of abuse, while 32% had less than 5 years, and only 18% had been drug abusers for more than 10 years. There were significant changes (p < 0.001) in all different leukocyte blood cells, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Furthermore, a microscopic examination of blood films from individuals who misuse the combination of the medications "amphetamine and cannabis" reveals hazardous alterations in Neutrophils. Out of 50, 35 sputum samples showed positive growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol antibiotic, indicating a unicellular fungal growth. The present study explores the immune system and hematological disturbances linked to amphetamine and cannabis abuse, providing insights into health risks and targeted interventions. The findings complement previous research on drug users' hematological abnormalities, particularly in white blood cells. Routine hematological tests help identify alterations in homeostatic conditions, improving patient knowledge and preventing major issues. Further research is needed on multi-drug abuse prevention, early detection, and intervention. The cross-sectional design allows for a snapshot of the immune system and hematological status among abusers, laying the groundwork for future longitudinal studies. Key Words: Drug Effect, Immunity, Epidemiology, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation.

Clinicopathological Evaluation of Thyroid Dysfunction in Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding describes any variation from normal bleeding patterns in nonpregnant, reproductive-aged women beyond menarche lasting for at least 6 months. Regular cyclic menstruation results the choreographed relationship between the endometrium and its regulating factors. Any type of disturbance between the regulatory mechanism of pituitary ovarian axis or pelvic diseases results in abnormal uterine bleeding. Thyroid hormones play a key role in the menstrual and reproductive function of women. It is recognized universally that menstrual disturbances may accompany clinical alterations in thyroid function. Objectives: To evaluate the thyroid dysfunction in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Department of obstetrics &amp; gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka from April 2023 to December 2023. Women with abnormal uterine bleeding were included in the study. Sample was selected by purposive sampling. Sample size was 100. Detail demographic data were collected from the informant and recorded in structured case report form. Clinical examination and relevant investigation were done meticulously. Data was collected by using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was processed and analysed with the help of computer program SPSS and Microsoft excel. Quantitative data expressed as mean and standard deviation and qualitative data as frequency and percentage. Result was presented in the form of tables, pie chart, graphs, bar diagrams, histogram &amp; charts etc. Results: In this study, the maximum numbers of cases (43.0%) were between 26-35 years age group. Mean age was 29.57 ± 8.27 years. Large numbers of respondents came from urban area (58%). On evaluation of types &amp; causes of AUB, maximum patient belongs to AUB-L (leiomyoma) group (53%) followed by AUB-A (adenomyosis) (28%); AUB-P (polyp) (8%); AUB-O (ovulatory) (9%) and AUB-M (malignancy) (2%). Present study showed that prevalence of thyroid disorders is 26% in AUB patients. The prevalence of Hypothyroidism was 18% and Hyperthyroidism was 8%. Thyroid dysfunction is associated with menstrual abnormalities in females of all age groups. Conclusion: Abnormal uterine bleeding has a strong association with thyroid disorders. The most common type of disorder is subclinical hypothyroidism. Thus, all patient of AUB must be evaluated for thyroid dysfunction. Medicine Today 2023 Vol.36 (1): 1-6

Evaluation of Knowledge among Nurses about Pressure Ulcer in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore

Background: Pressure ulcers are a prevalent issue in healthcare settings, leading to significant morbidity and increased healthcare costs. Nurses play a crucial role in the prevention and management of these conditions, yet gaps in knowledge can affect patient outcomes. The study aimed to assess the knowledge of nurses at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, a setting where pressure ulcer management is critical yet understudied. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the current level of knowledge among nurses regarding pressure ulcer prevention and management, and to identify any significant differences in knowledge across various critical care settings within the hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, involving 125 staff nurses and nursing interns selected via simple random sampling. Participants were required to have at least six months of experience in general wards. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire, assessing knowledge of pressure ulcer management. Ethical approval was obtained from the Shalamar College of Nursing's ethical committee. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 and Microsoft Excel, applying descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Chi-square test, with a significance level set at p&lt;0.05. Results: The study revealed that 68.8% (86/125) of nurses had average knowledge, 29.6% (37/125) demonstrated good knowledge, and only 1.6% (2/125) exhibited poor knowledge regarding pressure ulcer management. Notably, nurses in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) and High Dependency Unit (HDU) displayed the highest levels of knowledge, whereas those in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU), Cardiac Care Unit (CCU), and Emergency Room (ER) had comparatively lower knowledge levels. Conclusion: The majority of nurses at Shalamar Hospital possessed an average level of knowledge concerning pressure ulcer management. There is a critical need for targeted educational interventions to enhance knowledge and practices, particularly in units where nurses showed lower knowledge levels. Improving nurse education in pressure ulcer management could significantly impact the quality of patient care and reduce the prevalence of these injuries.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE DERMAL EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON PROFESSIONAL CONTINGENTS USING INNOVATIVE 3RIVE 3D TECHNOLOGY

The skin is the most vulnerable organ when spraying pesticides on fields. Farmers are also exposed to pesticides during mixing, loading of pesticides, and when cleaning equipment and disposing of empty containers. The aim. To study and analyze the features of the risk of pesticides dermal exposure to professional contingents during treatments using the innovative 3RIVE 3D pesticide application technology. Materials and methods. The 3RIVE 3D innovative technological system of introducing was used to applicate Brigade 3Rive 3D, SC formulation. Field experiments on the study of working conditions when using the pesticide were conducted in various soil and climatic regions of Eastern Europe. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using a package of licensed statistical programs IBM SPSS StatisticsBase v.22 and MS Excel. Research results and discussion. During the conducted research, no bifenthrin contamination was found on the open skin of the operator and the tractor driver, who were processing corn crops with the Brigade 3Rive 3D, SC formulation. However, the operator's gloves were found to contain 0.025 mg of bifenthrin. Calculation of the unitless CASd value on the possibility of skin acute effects when applying the formulation showed that bifenthrin and the Brigade 3Rive 3D, SC formulation based on it are characterized by sufficient selectivity of action on the target object (CASd – 645 and 162, respectively, i.e. &gt; 100) and a low level of danger acute dermal toxic effects for workers, which is due to low values of effective consumption rates. The real dermal risk of bifenthrin exposure when using the Brigade 3Rive3D, SC formulation was significantly lower compared to the risk of workers involved in “traditional” air treatment and treatment with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (p=0.009-0.048 according to Wilcoxon's W-criterion); in comparison with rod and fan processing – it is non-significantly lower (р=0.262-1.000). There was a similar picture in comparison with the dermal aggravated risk – significantly lower in comparison with the risk of workers involved in “traditional” air treatment and processing with the help of UAVs (p=0.009 according to Wilcoxon's W-criterion); in comparison with rod and fan treatment – non-significantly lower (р=0.262-1.000). Conclusion. It was established that the studied active substance bifenthrin and the Brigade 3Rive 3D, SC formulation based on it are characterized by sufficient selectivity of dermal action on the target object and a low probability of acute dermal effects. A higher probability of acute inhalation poisoning than dermal exposure was revealed.

Needs Analysis of English Skills for Logistics Business Among Thai University Students

Logistics plays a vital role in driving the global economy forward. Within this profession, English serves as the primary means of communication. However, not all logistics personnel, especially those for whom English is a second language, find it easy to use. The aim of this research is to conduct a needs analysis for English skills in the logistics industry. A questionnaire was distributed to 156 Thai logistics management students and employed Google Forms together with Microsoft Excel for quantitative analysis. The findings revealed the following: 1) The four core skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) and vocabulary were reported extremely important, while grammar was rated as important. 2) The most frequently utilized English skill was reading, the skill most desired to improve was speaking, the skill that lacked the most was grammar, and the skill requiring the greatest development in their future were reading, listening, speaking, and writing, respectively. The implications of this study are significant for the development of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses.